home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ****************************************************************************
-
- Notes on Kabbalah
- (a continuing series of many parts)
-
- The author grants the right to copy and distribute these Notes provided
- they remain unmodified and original authorship and copyright is retained.
- The author retains both the right and intention to modify and extend
- these Notes.
-
- Release 2.0
- Copy date: 9th. January 1992
-
- Copyright Colin Low 1992 (cal@hplb.hpl.hp.com)
-
- ****************************************************************************
-
- Chapter 3: The Pillars & the Lightning Flash
- ============================================
-
- In Chapter 1. the Tree of Life was derived from three
- concepts, or rather one primary concept and two derivative
- concepts which are "contained" within it. The primary concept was
- called consciousness, and it was said to "contain" within it the
- two complementary concepts of force and form. This chapter builds
- on the idea by introducing the three Pillars of the Tree, and
- uses the Pillars to clarify a process called the Lightning Flash.
- The Three Pillars are shown in Figure 8. below.
-
- Pillar Pillar Pillar
- of of of
- Form Consciousness Force
- (Severity) (Mildness) (Mercy)
-
- Kether
- / (Crown) \
- / | \
- / | \
- / | \
- Binah | Chokhmah
- (Understanding)__________ (Wisdom)
- (Intelligence) | |
- |\ | /|
- | \ Daath / |
- | \ (Knowledge) / |
- | \ | / |
- Gevurah \ | / Chesed
- (Strength)\_____|_____/__ (Mercy)
- | \ | / (Love)
- | \ \ | / / |
- | \ \ | / / |
- | \ Tipheret / |
- | / (Beauty) \ |
- | / | \ |
- | / | \ |
- |/ | \|
- Hod | Netzach
- (Glory) _______________(Victory)
- (Splendour) | (Firmness)
- \ \ | / /
- \ \ | / /
- \ \ | / /
- \ \ | / /
- \ \ Yesod / /
- \ (Foundation) /
- \ /
- \ | /
- \ | /
- \ | /
- Malkuth
- (Kingdom)
-
- Figure 8
-
- Not surprisingly the three pillars are referred to as the pillars
- of consciousness, force and form. The pillar of consciousness
- contains the sephiroth Kether, Tiphereth, Yesod and Malkuth; the
- pillar of force contains the sephiroth Chokhmah, Chesed and
- Netzach; the pillar of form contains the sephiroth Binah, Gevurah
- and Hod. In older Kabbalistic texts the pillars are referred to
- as the pillars of mildness, mercy and severity, and it is not
- immediately obvious how the older jargon relates to the new. To
- the medieval Kabbalist (and this is a recurring metaphor in the
- Zohar) the creation as an emanation of God is a delicate
- *balance* (metheqela) between two opposing tendencies: the mercy
- of God, the outflowing, creative, life-giving and sustaining
- tendency in God, and the severity or strict judgement of God, the
- limiting, defining, life-taking and ultimately wrathful or
- destructive tendency in God. The creation is "energised" by these
- two tendencies as if stretched between the poles of a battery.
- Modern Kabbalah makes a half-hearted attempt to remove the
- more obvious anthropomorphisms in the descriptions of "God";
- mercy and severity are misleading terms, apt to remind one of a
- man with a white beard, and even in medieval times the terms had
- distinctly technical meanings as the following quotation shows
- [1]:
-
- "It must be remembered that to the Kabbalist, judgement [Din
- - judgement, another title of Gevurah] means the imposition
- of limits and the correct determination of things. According
- to Cordovero the quality of judgement is inherent in
- everything insofar as everything wishes to remain what it
- is, to stay within its boundaries."
-
- I understand the word "form" in precisely this sense - it is that
- which defines *what* a thing is, the structure whereby a given
- thing is distinct from every other thing.
- As for "consciousness", I use the word "consciousness" in a
- sense so abstract that it is virtually meaningless, and according
- to whim I use the word God instead, where it is understood that
- both words are placeholders for something which is potentially
- knowable in the gnostic sense only - consciousness can be
- *defined* according to the *forms* it takes, in which case we are
- defining the forms, *not* the consciousness. The same
- qualification applies to the word "force". My inability to define
- two of the three concepts which underpin the structure of the
- Tree is a nuisance which is tackled traditionally by the use of
- extravagent metaphors, and by elimination ("not this, not
- that").
- The classification of sephiroth into three pillars is a way
- of saying that each sephira in a pillar partakes of a common
- quality which is "inherited" in a progressively more developed
- and structured form from of the top of a pillar to the bottom.
- Tipheret, Yesod and Malkuth all share with Kether the quality of
- "consciousness in balance" or "synthesis of opposing qualities",
- or but in each case it is expressed differently according to the
- increased degree of structure imposed. Likewise, Chokhmah, Chesed
- and Netzach share the quality of force or energy or
- expansiveness, and Binah, Gevurah and Hod share the quality of
- form, definition and limitation. From Kether down to Malkuth,
- force and form are combined; the symbolism of the Tree has
- something in common with a production line, with molten metal
- coming in one end and finished cars coming out the other, and
- with that metaphor we are now ready to describe the Lightning
- Flash, the process whereby God takes on flesh, the process which
- created and sustains the creation.
-
- In the beginning...was Something. Or Nothing. It doesn't
- really matter which term we use, as both are equally meaningless
- in this context. Nothing is probably the better of the two terms,
- because I can use Something in the next paragraph. Kabbalists
- call this Nothing "En Soph" which literally means "no end" or
- infinity, and understand by this a hidden, unmanifest God-in-
- Itself.
- Out of this incomprehensible and indescribable Nothing came
- Something. Probably more words have been devoted to this moment
- than any other in Kabbalah, and it is all too easy to make fun
- the effort which has gone into elaborating the indescribable, so
- I won't, but in return do not expect me to provide a
- justification for why Something came out of Nothing. It just did.
- A point crystallised in the En Soph. In some versions of the
- story the En Soph "contracted" to "make room" for the creation
- (Isaac Luria's theory of Tsimtsum), and this is probably an
- important clarification for those who have rubbed noses with the
- hidden face of God, but for the purposes of these notes it is
- enough that a point crystallised. This point was the crown of
- creation, the sephira Kether, and within Kether was contained all
- the unrealised potential of the creation.
- An aspect of Kether is the raw creative force of God which
- blasts into the creation like the blast of hot gas which keeps a
- hot air ballon in the air. Kabbalists are quite clear about this;
- the creation didn't just happen a long time ago - it is happening
- all the time, and without the force to sustain it the creation
- would crumple like a balloon. The force-like aspect within Kether
- is the sephira Chokhmah and it can be thought of as the will of
- God, because without it the creation would cease to *be*. The
- whole of creation is maintained by this ravening, primeval desire
- to *be*, to become, to exist, to change, to evolve. The
- experiential distinction between Kether, the point of emanation,
- and Chokhmah, the creative outpouring, is elusive, but some of
- the difference is captured in the phrases "I am" and "I
- become".
- Force by itself achieves nothing; it needs to be contained,
- and the balloon analogy is appropriate again. Chokhmah contains
- within it the necessity of Binah, the Mother of Form. The person
- who taught me Kabbalah (a woman) told me Chokhmah (Abba, the
- Father) was God's prick, and Binah (Aima, the mother) was God's
- womb, and left me with the picture of one half of God
- continuously ejaculating into the other half. The author of the
- Zohar also makes frequent use of sexual polarity as a metaphor
- to describe the relationship between force and form, or mercy and
- severity (although the most vivid sexual metaphors are used for
- the marriage of the Microprosopus and his bride, the Queen and
- Inferior Mother, the sephira Malkuth).
- The sephira Binah is the Mother of Form; form exists within
- Binah as a potentiality, not as an actuality, just as a womb
- contains the potential of a baby. Without the possibility of
- form, no thing would be distinct from any other thing; it would
- be impossible to distinguish between things, impossible to have
- individuality or identity or change. The Mother of Form
- contains the potential of form within her womb and gives birth to
- form when a creative impulse crosses the Abyss to the Pillar of
- Force and emanates through the sephira Chesed. Again we have the
- idea of "becoming", of outflowing creative energy, but at a lower
- level. The sephira Chesed is the point at which form becomes
- perciptible to the mind as an inspiration, an idea, a vision,
- that "Eureka!" moment immediately prior to rushing around
- shouting "I've got it! I've got it!" Chesed is that quality of
- genuine inspiration, a sense of being "plugged in" which
- characterises the visionary leaders who drive the human race
- onwards into every new kind of endeavour. It can be for good or
- evil; a leader who can tap the petty malice and vindictiveness in
- any person and channel it into a vision of a new order and
- genocide is just as much a visionary as any other, but the
- positive side of Chesed is the humanitarian leader who brings
- about genuine improvements to our common life.
- No change comes easy; as Cordova points out "everything
- wishes to remain what it is". The creation of form is balanced in
- the sephira Gevurah by the preservation and destruction of form.
- Any impulse of change is channelled through Gevurah, and if it is
- not resisted then something will be destroyed. If you want to
- make paper you cut down a tree. If you want to abolish slavery
- you have to destroy the culture which perpetuates it. If you want
- to change someone's mind you have to destroy that person's
- beliefs about the matter in question. The sephira Gevurah is the
- quality of strict judgement which opposes change, destroys the
- unfamiliar, and corresponds in many ways to an immune system
- within the body of God.
- There has to be a balance between creation and destruction.
- Too much change, too many ideas, too many things happening too
- quickly can have the quality of chaos (and can literally become
- that), whereas too little change, no new ideas, too much form and
- structure and protocol can suffocate and stifle. There has to be
- a balance which "makes sense" and this "idea of balance" or
- "making sense" is expressed in the sephira Tiphereth. It is an
- instinctive morality, and it isn't present by default in the
- human species. It isn't based on cultural norms; it doesn't have
- its roots in upbringing (although it is easily destroyed by it).
- Some people have it in a large measure, and some people are (to
- all intents and purposes) completely lacking in it. It doesn't
- necessarily respect conventional morality: it may laugh in its
- face. I can't say what it is in any detail, because it is
- peculiar and individual, but those who have it have a natural
- quality of integrity, soundness of judgement, an instinctive
- sense of rightness, justice and compassion, and a willingness to
- fight or suffer in defense of that sense of justice. Tiphereth is
- a paradoxical sephira because in many people it is simply not
- there. It can be developed, and that is one of the goals of
- initiation, but for many people Tiphereth is a room with nothing
- in it.
- Having passed through Gevurah on the Pillar of Form, and
- found its way through the moral filter of Tiphereth, a creative
- impulse picks up energy once more on the Pillar of Force via the
- Sephira Netzach, where the energy of "becoming" finds its final
- expression in the form of "vital urges". Why do we carry on
- living? Why bother? What is it that compels us to do things? An
- artist may have a vision of a piece of art, but what actually
- compels the artist to paint or sculpt or write? Why do we want to
- compete and win? Why do we care what happens to others? The
- sephira Netzach expresses the basic vital creative urges in a
- form we can recognise as drives, feelings and emotions. Netzach
- is pre-verbal; ask a child why he wants a toy and the answer will
- be
- "I just do".
- "But why," you ask, wondering why he doesn't want the much
- more "sensible" toy you had in mind. "Why don't you want this
- one here."
- "I just don't. I want this one."
- "But what's so good about that one."
- "I don't know what to say...I just like it."
- This conversation is not fictitious and is quintessentially
- Netzach. The structure of the Tree of Life posits that the basic
- driving forces which characterise our behaviour are pre-verbal
- and non-rational; anyone who has tried to change another person's
- basic nature or beliefs through force of rational argument will
- know this.
- After Netzach we go to the sephira Hod to pick up our last
- cargo of Form. Ask a child why they want something and they say
- "I just do". Press an adult and you will get an earful of
- "reasons". We live in a culture where it is important (often
- essential) to give reasons for the things we do, and Hod is the
- sephira of form where it is possible to give shape to our wants
- in terms of reasons and explanations. Hod is the sephira of
- abstraction, reason, logic, language and communication, and a
- reflection of the Mother of Form in the human mind. We have a
- innate capacity to abstract, to go immediately from the
- particular to the general, and we have an innate capacity to
- communicate these abstractions using language, and it should be
- clear why the alternative translation of Binah is
- "intelligence"; Binah is the "intelligence of God", and Hod
- underpins what we generally recognise as intelligence in people -
- the ability to grasp complex abstractions, reason about them, and
- articulate this understanding using some means of communication.
- The synthesis of Hod and Netzach on the Pillar of
- Consciousness is the sephira Yesod. Yesod is the sephira of
- interface, and the comparison with computer peripheral interfaces
- is an excellent one. Yesod is sometimes called "the Receptacle of
- the Emanations", and it interfaces the emanations of all three
- pillars to the sephira Malkuth, and it is through Yesod that the
- final abstract form of something is realised in matter. Form in
- Yesod is no longer abstract; it is explicit, but not yet
- individual - that last quality is reserved for Malkuth alone.
- Yesod is like the mold in a bottle factory - the mold is a
- realisation of the abstract idea "bottle" in so far as it
- expresses the shape of a particular bottle design in every
- detail, but it is not itself an individual bottle.
- The final step in the process is the sephira Malkuth, where
- God becomes flesh, and every abstract form is realised in
- actuality, in the "real world". There is much to say about this,
- but I will keep it for later.
- The process I have described is called the Lightning Flash.
- The Lightning Flash runs as follows: Kether, Chokhmah, Binah,
- Chesed, Gevurah, Tiphereth, Netzach, Hod, Yesod, Malkuth, and if
- you trace the Lighning Flash on a diagram of the Tree you will
- see that it has the zig-zag shape of a lightning flash. The
- sephiroth are numbered according to their order on the lightning
- flash: Kether is 1, Chokhmah is 2, and so on. The "Sepher
- Yetzirah" [2] has this to say about the sephiroth:
-
- "When you think of the ten sephiroth cover your heart and
- seal the desire of your lips to announce their divinity.
- Yoke your mind. Should it escape your grasp, reach out and
- bring it back under your control. As it was said, 'And the
- living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a
- flash of lightning,' in such a manner was the Covenant
- created."
-
- The quotation within the quotation comes from Ezekiel 1.14, a
- text which inspired a large amount of early Kabbalistic
- speculation, and it is probable that the Lightning Flash as
- described is one of the earliest components of the idea of
- sephirothic emanation.
- The Lightning Flash describes the creative process,
- beginning with the unknown, unmanifest hidden God, and follows it
- through ten distinct stages to a change in the material world. It
- can be used to describe *any* change - lighting a match, picking
- your nose, walking the dog - and novices are usually set the
- exercise of analysing any arbitrarily chosen event in terms of
- the Lightning Flash. Because the Lightning Flash can be used to
- understand the inner process whereby the material world of the
- senses changes and evolves, it is a key to practical magical
- work, and because it is intended to account for *all* change it
- follows that all change is equally magical, and the word "magic"
- is essentially meaningless (but nevertheless useful for
- distinguishing between "normal" and "abnormal" states of
- consciousness, and the modes of causality which pertain to each).
- It also follows that the key to understanding our "spiritual
- nature" does not belong in the spiritual empyrean, where it
- remains inaccessible, but in *all* the routine and unexciting
- little things in life. Everything is is equally "spiritual",
- equally "divine", and there is more to be learned from picking
- one's nose than there is in a spiritual discipline which puts you
- "here" and God "over there". The Lightning Flash ends in Malkuth,
- and it can be followed like a thread through the hidden pathways
- of creation until one arrives back at the source. The next
- chapter will retrace the Lightning Flash by examining the
- qualities of each sephira in more detail.
-
- [1] Scholem, Gershom G. "Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism",
- Schoken Books 1974
-
- [2] Westcott, W. Wynn, ed. "Sepher Yetzirah". Many reprintings.
-
-